1) Mykola phoned Ira.
2) Richard bought an apartment.
3) An apartment belongs to Richard. (Richard owns an apartment)
4) A guest came to Richard.
5) Mykola translated the textbook. (Inanimate masculine nouns, like the word "textbook," have the same form in the nominative and accusative cases, but you can see that Mykola is the subject here because it’s ending would’ve been definitely different in a case other than the nominative. Refer to lesson 5 to recap the declension of nouns that end in -a.)